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Aim: The effect of Solanum aethiopicum (SA) on the haematological indices of Wistar rats was investigated in this study. Methodology: A total of 20 male Wistar rats with an average 172.45±0.15 g were distributed into four groups (A – D) and allowed to acclimatize for two weeks. Group A served as the control, while groups B, C, and D were given aqueous extracts of SA at doses of 75 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, and 225 mg/kg per body weight, respectively, every 48 hours for 30 days. After the exposure period, a final evaluation and sacrifice of the rats was performed. Blood sample collection was carried for full blood count and blood film preparation. Results: The result of this study showed that leaf extract of Solanum aethiopicum caused a significant increase in white blood cells (18.18±0.78 - 27.08±2.68 x 103/?l), especially lymphocytes (13.58±2.48 - 30.95±4.65 x 103/?l) in group of rats when compared to control. On the contrary, there was a non-significant reduction in red blood cells (7.78±0.04 - 7.19±0.45 x 106/?l), hemoglobin (16.92±0.62 - 14.55±0.95 g/dl), haematocrit (41.49±0.29 - 38.38±1.68 %), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (21.71±0.91 - 20.30±0.10 ?g) when compared to the control. Platelet (451.25±87.25 - 724.75±249.25 x 103/?l) and Plateletcrit (0.36±0.07 - 0.50±0.17 %) was significantly higher in treated group, while mean platelet volume (8.21±0.31 - 6.98±0.07 ?m3) and platelet distribution width (18.68±1.38 - 15.93±0.73 %) was low when compared with control. Conclusion: The current study has demonstrated that the leaves of Solanum aethiopicum may be safe to consume in regulated amount, as it has been shown to boost blood indices. These plant extracts may be utilized as a blood promoting potentials as it has been shown to strengthens the body's immune system particularly cell-mediated immunity, have no hemotoxic impact on the red blood cell and its indices and improve the ability for the body to repair itself as seen from the platelet count and its indices.
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Introduction: Potash refers to the various naturally occurring water-soluble compounds of potassium used as a traditional food additive in Nigeria. Several health warnings have highlighted the deleterious effect of their consumption. Aim: The present study is aimed at evaluating the effects of graded doses of potash consumption on haematological and hepatorenal indices using Wistar rat models. Materials and Methods: Potash was locally sourced and the elemental composition was determined by X-Ray diffraction (XRD). Twenty (20) male Wistar rats (170 –200g) were used for the study and were divided into four (4) groups of five (5) animals each. Group 1 served as the control while Groups 2 –4 served as the experimental group and received an aqueous mixture of potash via oral gavage at 200, 400 and 800mg/kg respectively for thirty (30) days. Results:XRD elemental analysis of potash revealed the presence of potassium (27.44%), phosphorus (14.27%), antimony (5.18%), barium (4.27%), fluorine (2.78%), cadmium (2.06%), yttrium (1.63%), tellurium (1.32%), caesium (1.12%), niobium (1.04%), sodium (0.42%) and germanium (0.06%). Results from haematological and hepatorenal parameters show a significant reduction in mean values of red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume among the experimental groups compared to control (p<0.05) and significantly increased mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, white blood cell count, lymphocytes, neutrophils, MID cell percentage, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatine, sodium, potassium and chloride ions among the experimental group compared to thecontrol(P<0.05). Conclusion: The data presented has shown that the chronic consumption of potash at 800mg/kg can negatively alter the haematological and hepatorenal profiles of Wistar rats. Therefore, this study considers potash, a possible toxicant to the blood, liver and kidney
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Canine pyometra is an acute or chronic polysystemic diestrual disorder mainly of mature nulliparous bitches. In this retrospective study, an attempt was made to analyse the physiological and haemato-biochemical parameters of a total of 22 affected bitches attended at Sneh Vet lab and Clinic Bhadra, Bhiwani, (Haryana). The findings revealed pyrexia and tachycardia with normal respiration rate in most of the pyometra affected bitches. Amongst the haemato-biochemical parameters, there were reduced levels of haemoglobin, packed cell volume and total erythrocyte count, along with severe leucocytosis, neutrophilia with shift to left, lymphopenia, eosinophilia and elevated BUN and serum creatinine in the bitches affected with pyometra suggesting bone marrow and renal damage. However, the mean values of mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin as well as serum ALT and AST were within the normal range, confirming normocytic normochromic anaemia without liver dysfunction.
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Abstract This study aims to investigate the effects of orally administered graded doses of hydro-methanol stem extract from Anacardium occidentale (MSEAO) on the haematology and serum biochemistry of chickens. Forty, 8-weeks old cockerel chickens were randomly assigned into four groups (groups 1, 2, 3 and 4) of ten birds each. Groups 1, 2 and 3 received 3000, 1500 and 500 mg/kg body weight of MSEAO, respectively, while chickens in control group (group 4) were given drinking water placebo. Blood samples were collected from all chickens on day 0- and 48-hours post-treatment. Haematology and serum biochemistry were evaluated following standard procedures. The results showed that most of the haematological parameters in the treated groups did not differ significantly as compared to the control group. The serum biochemistry results showed that the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity ingroups 1 and 2 were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that ingroups 3 and 4. Serum uric acid levels ingroups 1 and 2 chickens were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that in the control group, while the creatinine levels of chickens in the treated groups were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that of chickens in the control group. It was concluded that MSEAO, as used in the study, led to significant changes in heterophil counts, serum ALT and ALP activities, uric acid, creatinine, and calcium levels.
Resumen El objetivo de este estudio es investigar los efectos de dosis graduales de extracto de hidro-metanol del tallo de Anacardium occidentale (MSEAO) administradas por vía oral sobre la hematología y bioquímica del suero de polluelos. Cuarenta pollos de 8 semanas de edad fueron asignados al azar en cuatro grupos (1, 2, 3 y 4) de diez pollos cada grupo. Los grupos 1, 2 y 3 recibieron 3000, 1500 y 500 mg/kg de peso corporal de MSEAO, respectivamente, mientras que a los pollos del grupo de control [grupo 4] se les dio agua de beber como placebo. Se tomaron muestras de sangre de todos los pollos a las 0 y 48 horas después del tratamiento. Se evaluó la hematología y la bioquímica del suero siguiendo procedimientos estándares. Los resultados mostraron que la mayoría de parámetros hematológicos en los grupos tratados no difirieron significativamente con respecto al grupo de control. Los resultados de la bioquímica del suero mostraron que la actividad de la alanina aminotransferasa en el suero (ALT) en los grupos 1 y 2 fue significativamente inferior (P < 0.05) a la de los grupos 3 y 4. Los niveles de ácido úrico en el suero en los pollos de los grupos 1 y 2 fueron significativamente inferiores (P < 0.05) a los del grupo de control, mientras que los niveles de creatinina de los pollos en los grupos de tratamiento fueron significativamente inferiores (P< 0.05) a los de los pollos del grupo de control. Se concluyó que el MSEAO, como se usó en este estudio, produjo cambios significativos en los conteos de heterófilos, en las actividades de ALT y ALP del suero y en los niveles de ácido úrico, creatinina y calcio.
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@#Introduction: Error in blood sampling is of one the commonest causes of laboratory sample rejection and poses a great challenge particularly amongst oncology patients due to difficult venous access. This study aims to identify the main causes of blood sample rejection in the haematology and chemical pathology (CP) laboratories of an oncology institute. Method: All blood samples received and rejected in the CP and haematology laboratory from 2017 to 2019 were obtained from the laboratory information system (LIS) and sample rejection logbook. The rejection cause for each of the rejected samples was recorded and analysed. Results: Out of the total 39 495 blood samples received, 244 (0.6%) were rejected. The rejection rate in the CP was higher compared with that in the haematology laboratory (51.2% vs. 48.8%). The most frequent cause of rejection was haemolysis (49.6%), clotted sample (32.8%), and insufficient sample volume (6.1%). Conclusion: Haemolysis, clotted blood and insufficient sample were the main causes of sample rejection in our oncology centre. Effective and multidisciplinary targeted interventions to reduce blood sampling error are important to improve pre-analytical handling of blood samples from oncology patients.
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Background:African Animal Trypanosomosisis one of the key hindrances to full livestock development in most parts of sub-Saharan Africa, despite years of efforts to eradicate the disease. It is an important parasitic disease of humanand animals. Control of the disease relies majorly on chemotherapy of one of the three trypanocidal drugs. The severity of haematological indices depends on parasite species, host involved and nutrition. Hence, there is need to assess the pathogenicity and compare their effects on some of our local breeds of livestock. Methodology:Field isolates Trypanosoma vivaxand Trypanosoma congolenseof Nigerian origin were used. Thirty sheep were acquired and preconditioned for two weeks in arthropod-proofed pens before the commencement of the experiment. The sheep were divided into five groups (A-T.vivaxinfected-treated, B-T.vivaxinfected-untreated, C-No infection, no treatment, E-T. congolenseinfected-treated and F-T. congolenseinfected-untreated. Packed Cell Volume, serum protein, WBC, DLC were monitored weekly for 8 weeks.Results:There was gradual decreased in PCV of all the infected animals which was an indication of anaemia but more severe in T. vivaxgroups. Also decreased in plasma protein that was more pronounced and prolonged in T. vivaxthan the T. congolensegroups, this was similar with WBC. Neutrophils had initial increased in all the groups before dropping and low value of monocyte at the early period of infections which later disappeared. There was no basophil seen in all the T.vivaxgroups but few were observed in T.congolensegroups. Conclusion: Anaemia is a general feature of most parasitic infections especially in trypanosomosis. Trypanosoma vivaxused in this study is more pathogenic than the T. congolense, hence may have more negative effects in sheep production in author’s environment
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Introduction: In Physiology practical examination, studentsoften don’t realize what is lacking in their answers. Thispilot study makes students, the evaluator for their own peers,with guidance of key, helping them realize shortcomings inanswers of peers and in the process help to improve their ownperformance.Material and methods: Consenting first MBBS students atGovernment T.D. Medical College, Alappuzha, attended thequestionnaire based sessions; 3 Pretests each for Haematologyand Clinical experiments. Ten questions were answered aspretest by students, key discussed by investigator, alongsidestudents evaluated answer papers of their peers, later evaluatedby teacher also. Post tests were conducted and evaluated byteacher alone.Results: The average Pretest scores of students remainedsignificantly higher than teacher, in spite of guidance usingprovided key with marks distribution (Paired t test, p<0.001). Different students had attended different sessions socomparisons for improvement from Pre test to Post test wereinconclusive. Depending on session attended by student,either initial (end of section) or later (end of study) Post testor average of both was taken as Post test score. This whencompared with Pretest score of Teacher/ Student, showed nosignificant improvement.Conclusion: Peer evaluation scores by student are higher,though under guidance. As same students did not attend allthe successive pretest sessions, actual comparisons wereinconclusive and the expected improvement was not seenin post test scores. So before and after comparison for eachsession, is recommended to pursue actual improvements insuch educational studies involving peer assisted learning.
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Background: Chronic kidney disease is one of the major health problems worldwide and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. CKD is diagnosed on the basis of the presence of markers of kidney damage and kidney function. Aim of the study to assess the prevalence of hematological abnormalities in CKD (stage 3-5) and to assess their correlation among various etiologies of CKD (diabetes, chronic glomerulonephritis, hypertension.Methods: The study was done in 150 cases diagnosed as CKD in the Department of Nephrology, IMCU, and in the medical ward at Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital. The diagnosis was based on an estimated GFR level <60ml/mt/1.73M2. Total count, differential count, Hb, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBC count, platelet count, and peripheral smear examination, coagulation profile were done on all the patients and results were compared and correlated with each other.Results: In 150 patients, 90 males and 60 females were included. Among 90 males 43 were in stage 3 CKD, 11 in stage 4, 36 in stage 5. Among 60 females 7 were in stage 3, 39 in stage four, 14 were in stage 5. 63 patients had both hypertension and diabetes, 30 patients had only diabetes. There was a decrease in RBC, Total count platelet value with respect to increase in stages of CKD. There was a prolongation in BT, CT, PT, APTT and INR value in respect to increase in stages of CKD.Conclusions: Chronic kidney disease patients have lower haematological indices and the degree of changes depends on the severity of kidney disease.
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The present study was conducted on 24 dogs irrespective of sex, breed and aged between 1year to 8 years with different types of wounds. The animals were randomly divided into four groups. Each group consisted of 6 dogs. The animals of group I were treated with povidone iodine (5.0%) and in group II, III, IV animals were treated with the herbal ointment which were prepared from hydroalcoholic extract of Marigold leaves, Guava leaves and 1:1 mixture of both extract for 7 consecutive days. Clinical and haematological parameters were recorded at different time intervals in all four groups. The study revealed better wound healing properties of the Ointment of 1:1 mixture of Marigold and Guava (10% w/w) leaves extract without any side effect as compared to povidone iodine 5%, ointment of Marigold leaves extract (10% w/w) and ointment of Guava leaves extract (10% w/w) on the basis of clinical and haematological parameters
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@#Introduction: Kratom or (Mitragyna speciosa) leaves are consumed as a folk remedy and opioid substitute in the Southeast Asian region. There is still a lack of information about the long-term or toxic-causing effects of kratom use. Methods: A total of thirteen regular kratom users, with long-term (>20 twenty years) kratom use history were recruited for this cross-sectional pilot study. Respondents were required to undergo a blood-test and laboratory anaysis was conducted to determine the mitragynine content in an acquired street sample of kratom. Results: The regular, longterm consumption of brewed kratom decoction did not cause any significant alterations in haematological, kidney, liver, thyroid, inflammatory and gastrointestinal analytes in a cohort of kratom users who had no history of substance misuse. However, those who had a higher intake (>3 glasses per day) of kratom exhibited higher lipid values (except for HDL-cholesterol), and a moderate elevation of homocysteine level. Conclusion: Long-term (>20 years with a daily intake of ≥87.54mg of mitragynine) kratom consumption was not associated with altered biochemical levels, although prolonged and heavy use (>3 glasses daily) may result in cardiovascular risks. The latter finding, however, requires further investigation.
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Aims: The toxicity of ethanol whole plant extract of Euphorbia lateriflora was assessed in Albino Wistar rats. Methodology: The LD50 was at single dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight, the sub-acute dosage of the extract was administered orally at 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w.t twice daily for 7 days and the effect of the extract on liver, kidney, and haematological parameters was assessed and recorded during these periods. Results: The result of the oral acute toxicity study at single high dose of 5000 mg/kg/bwt shows that the LD50 of the extract is greater than 5000 mg/kg/bwt. After 7 days of oral administration, 500 mg/kg/bwt of the extract caused a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the packed cell volume. At 500 mg/kg/bwt, the extract caused a significant (p<0.05) increase in ALP, total protein and albumin and decrease in serum electrolytes (Na+, k+ and Cl-). Histopathological analysis revealed the expansion of fibrous spaces in the liver and thickening of the glomerular basement of the kidney in the group fed with 500 mg/kg/b.w.t of extracts. Conclusion: In conclusion, the dose and time-dependent selective organ toxicity effect of this extract suggested that the extract might be relatively unsafe for consumption at especially high concentrations.
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Aims: Improper utilization and disposal of pig faeces in pig farms have been a great concern due to their hazards and risks they constitute to the environment. This situation calls for effective utilization of pig Feces for fish feed. This project was designed to provide information on safe level of Dried Pig Feces (DPF) on growth, histology and haematology of Clarias gariepinus. Study Design: A twelve week feeding trial experiment was conducted using one hundred and fifty samples of C. gariepinus juveniles. The fish meal was replaced at different graded levels of DPF (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) and was coded T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively. Materials and Methods: Growth parameters, histology of vital organs and haematology of the fish samples were determined according to standard methods. Data obtained were analysed using ANOVA and Duncan multiple range test was used to separate the means. Results: The Mean Weight Gain (MWG) revealed a significant (P<0.05) value in T3 (69.40 g), while 100% inclusion exhibited lowest MWG (21.07%). The Packed Cell Volume, Haemoglobin and Red Blood Cell values obtained decreased with increase in DPF inclusions, while an increase was observed in T4 (26.50%). White Blood Cell count was significant (P<0.05) in T3 (16,150±2.07 g/l) and decreased in T4(15,800±1.01 g/l) and T5(12,650±0.85 g/l) respectively. Histological results confirmed the absence of lesions in the heart, gills and the intestine of fish samples. Lesions in the liver were severed in T4 and T5. Conclusions: The findings of this study revealed that 50% inclusion of DPF is the safe level for growth of C. gariepinus. Since the histological results revealed no lesions in all the vital organs, except the liver that had severe lesions, DPF can be recommended as an alternative feed ingredient.
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Introduction: Splenectomy addresses the role of the spleen in hematological disorders particularly those ofcellular sequestration and destruction and antibody production. Splenectomy is indicated in specific cases ofanemia.Material and methods: The study was conducted in the department of General and Minimal Invasive Surgery incollaboration with the department of Clinical Hematology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagarfrom Jan 2012 to Jan 2016.The study included 33 patients The patients were studied in regards to thevariables1.clinical and demographic information. 2.surgical findings.3.preoperative and post operativehaematological profile.4.immediate and late complications.5.hospital stay6.persistence of disease.Result: In our study, out of 33 patients, laparascopic splenectomy(LS) was performed on 19 patients(57.6%) and14 underwent open splenectomy(OS).. Mean age was 28.89 years in LS group.and 36 years in OS group. Malefemale ratio was 4/15 in LS and 3/11 in OS. Mean operation time was 107.5 minutes in LS and 80.7 minutes in OS(pvalue <.001). Mean intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower for LS vs OS (76.43 mL vs 133.57 mL; P =.003). There was no statistical significant difference in complications between the two groups. Also, There wasno significant difference between LS and OS in terms of remission rates.Conclusion: Laparoscopic splenectomy is a safe and effective procedure in experienced hands. It is superior withregard to hospital stay, operative blood loss, postoperative pain and cosmesis as compared to Open Splenectomy.
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Aims: To investigate the effect of food blends (plantain, soybean and ginger) on the blood glucose, lipid profile and haematological indices on streptozotocininduced diabetic rats.Methodology: A total of 35 rats of mean body weight 219.07g separated into7 groups (5 per group) where inducedby a single intraperitoneal (I.P) injection of streptozotocin(0.1g dissolved in 5mlof freshly prepared sodium citrate buffer 0.1M, pH 4.5) at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight after fasting for 12hoursand fed with flours/blends. The flours were produced from plant materials for different treatments/blends (blend A=100% unripe plantain, B=80% unripe plantain, 14% soybean, 6% ginger, C=70% unripe plantain, 26% soybean, 4%ginger, D= 60% unripe plantain, 38% soybean, 2% ginger, E= 50% unripe plantain, 50% soybean) and the phytochemicals and minerals content were determined.Blood glucose was determined at 5 days interval for 25days.Diabetes was confirmed inrats with blood glucose concentrations >200mg/dl. After 25 daysrats were anaesthetized with chloroform vapour and blood samples collected by cardiac puncture for haematology and lipidprofile determination.Results:The results showed that unripe plantain, soya beans and ginger in adequate proportion(C=70% unripe plantain, 26% soybean, 4%ginger or D= 60% unripe plantain, 38% soybean, 2% ginger) could help to reduce blood glucose, improve haematological parameters and lipid profile. Significant reduction was observed in the blood glucose level of rats fed blends C and D from 286 to 85mg/dl and 307 to 90mg/dl respectively at the end of experiment. These results also demonstrated that the inclusion of ginger at 6% causes rise in blood glucose level. Total cholesterol (TC) increased in all the blends. However, the lowest concentration of TC was observed in blends C and D. The highest packed cell volume (60%) and Haemoglobin (20g/dl) level observed in rats fed blend C was significantly higher than the normal control fed conventional feeds. The increase in packed cell volume (PCV) (50%) and Hb (17g/dl) in diabetic rats demonstrated that the formulated blend C was able to raise PCV and Hb above 50% and 17g/dl (Normal controlNC) respectively. Significant increase (P<0.05) in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) was also observed in all the blends with blend C having the least (4.0mg/dl) close to NC (2.0mg/dl). Conclusion:From the results it is evident that blend C will manage and improve the health status of diabetic patients
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A biological experiment of 42 days duration was undertaken in which 384 day old chicks were divided into 12 dietary treatments as per 3×4 factorial design having 4 replicates per treatment with 8 birds in each. Twelve experimental diets were prepared by incorporating control (maize-soya based), two different levels of rice Distillers Dried Grains (rDDGS) 12.5 and 15%, without and with three different types of enzymes (xylanase, protease and multienzymes). The inclusion of rice based distillers dried grains with solubles (rDDGS), enzyme supplementation and their interaction revealed no significant (P>0.05) difference on the haematological parameters of broiler chicken. The serum cholesterol decreased significantly (P<0.01) at 15% rDDGS level as compared to control and 12.5% rDDGS level. The serum triglyceride decreased significantly (P<0.01) at 12.5 and 15% rDDGS levels compared to control diet. The serum glucose significantly (P<0.05) increased by multienzymes supplementation compared to xylanase and control diet. The serum total protein, albumin and globulin significantly (P<0.01) increased in protease supplemented groups as compared to control and other enzyme supplemented groups. The interaction of rDDGS levels and enzyme supplementation revealed no significant (P>0.05) effect on any of the serum parameters. Thus, it may be concluded that feeding of (rDDGS) up to 15% and soybean meal based diets without or with protease, xylanase and multienzymes in broiler chickens did not have any adverse effect on haematological and serological parameters. Protease supplementation has beneficial effect on serum biochemistry in DDGS diet.
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This study was aimed at developing a single RP-HPLC method for determination of Natamycin in 20 different cheesesamples purchased from local Turkish supermarkets. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a X-Terra RP18column (250 mm x 4.6 mm x 5 µm) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile: water (30:70 v/v/v), at 0.8 mL/min flow rate withDAD detection at 305 nm. In twenty cheese samples, Natamycin was analyzed by using sample preparation method of ISO9233-2, 2007 (IDF 140-2, 2007). The results of analysis have been fully validated statistically and recovery studiesconfirmed the accuracy of the proposed method. The precision (intra-day & inter-day) of method was found within limits(RSD < 2%). The sensitivity of the method was assessed by determining limit of detection and limit of quantification.Findings dealing with the presence of Natamycin in cheese samples are presented.
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Objective:To discuss the clinical characteristics of the Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in the non-HIV-infected blood disease patients, and to analyze its risk factors, treatment methods, prognosis and prevention measures.Methods:A female patient aged 18years old was confirmed as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) , and experienced dyspnea, chest congestion and hypoxaemia during the recovery period of hemogram after chemotherapy.The chest CT showed the bilateral lung diffuse ground glass density images.The patient had a dry cough and the oxygen saturation was gradually decreased to 75％5dafter antibacteriological treatment.A repeat chest CT showed enlarged diffuse ground glass density images on both lungs.Considering about the possibility of PCP, the patient received oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) 1g, once every 6h, in combination with caspofungin.Results:Two days later, the symptoms of the patients were not improved.The patient was transferred to ICU and was diagnosed PCP by bronchoalveolar lavage.The patient was switched to oral TMP/SMX2g, once every 8h, in combination with caspofungin.Meanwhile, the patient received bi-level positive airway pressure ventilation (Bipap) for the increased work of breathing.Five days later, the symptoms of the patients were improved and the Bipap was stopped.The patient got better and discharged 5dlater.The patient continuely received oral TMP/SMX 2g, once every 8hfor 36d.Conclusion:Prevention of PCP should be focused, in the non-HIV-infected blood disease patients receiving chemotherapy.Diagnosis of PCP should be considered in these patients without prevention who once have suspected clinical manifestation of PCP in non-granulocytic phase.Early empirical treatment of PCP and ICU management in the non-HIV-infected blood disease patients with acute respiratory failure are the keys to reduce death and improve the prognosis of PCP.
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Introduction: Methotrexate, a folic acid antagonist is used as a first line drug for the treatment of a number of malignancies and immune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis. Due to hepatoxicity its dose needs to be monitored and sometimes it has to be stopped. In the present study we intend to do a detailed histopathological investigation after methotrexate toxicity on the relatively neglected organ i.e. kidney of rat. Subjects and Methods: Albino rats were divided into four groups (1, 2, 3, and 4) of six animals each. Control group 1 was given distilled water whereas experimental groups 2, 3, and 4 were given low, therapeutic and high doses of methotrexate orally for 28 days. Results: The results showed congestion and infiltration of the glomeruli and interstitial edema and tubular degeneration which were dose dependent. Conclusion: The degenerative changes necessitate extra precautions to be taken while using drug for prolonged period. The study merits due to great social impact.
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Introduction: Mosquito coils are the most preferred anti-mosquito products in many households of Asian countries like India. Short-term exposure to allethrin has been reported to cause toxic effects on respiratory system. Subjects and Methods: Thirty albino rats were divided into five groups (A, B, C, D, and E) of six animals each. Except group A (Control) rest (Group B-E) were exposed to mosquito coil smoke for 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks respectively. Blood from all the animals was processed to estimate TLC (Total leucocyte count) and results thus attained were analysed using one-way ANOVA test. Rats were sacrificed to procure lung tissue, which was processed by paraffin embedding to obtain haematoxylin and Eosin stained sections. Results: There was significant increase (p value, 0.001) in TLC in all experimental groups compared to control ones. Conclusion: Degenerative changes were obtained in lung tissue of all experimental rats with maximum effect in group Adequate measures should be taken to ensure minimal exposure to coil smoke during domestic use.
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Introduction: Mosquitoes have long been identified as the main vectors of many human and animal diseases like West Nile fever, malaria, dengue, etc. Mosquito coils are the most preferred mosquito repellent products used especially in low-income communities, due to cheap price. The most common active ingredients in mosquito coils pyrethroids, are known to cause nephrotoxicity and,haematoxicity. However substantial data is lacking on the effects of mosquito coils containing d-trans allethrin. Subjects and Methods: In this study we report the histological and haematological effects of smoke from such coil on albino rat (Wistar). The study was performed on Thirty albino rats divided into five groups (A, B, C, D, E) of six animals each. Control group A we left unexposed to coil smoke while rest (B-E) were exposed for 4, 6,8,10 weeks respectively. Results: We observed a statistically significant increase in the levels of serum urea and creatinine in experimental groups C, D and E. Levels of serum sodium and potassium remained unaffected in the experimental animals. Histopathological studies on kidneys revealed generalised degenerative changes proportional to quantity of coil smoke exposure. Conclusion: General human masses should be made aware about such possible hazards and adequate measures should be taken to ensure minimal exposure to coil smoke during domestic use